Which amendment requires indictments by a grand jury for capital crimes?

The requirement for indictments by a grand jury for capital crimes is established by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This amendment is crucial because it protects individuals from being charged with serious offenses without a formal accusation from a grand jury, thereby ensuring a level of due process. The grand jury serves as a safeguard against unfounded criminal charges, providing a check on the government's power to prosecute individuals.

In the context of capital crimes, which are serious offenses that can result in severe penalties, including death, the Fifth Amendment mandates that a grand jury must review the evidence and decide whether there is sufficient cause to charge someone with a crime. This process is an important legal protection for individuals and helps uphold the principles of justice and fairness in the legal system, ensuring that serious charges are reserved for cases with substantial evidence.