Which amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures?

The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution is specifically designed to protect individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This amendment establishes the principle that law enforcement must have probable cause and, usually, a warrant to conduct searches of a person's property or person. The intent behind this provision is to uphold the right to privacy and to ensure that citizens are protected from arbitrary and invasive actions by the state.

This amendment is a cornerstone of the legal protections afforded to individuals in the United States, reflecting the balance between personal liberties and the need for law enforcement to maintain public safety and order. It establishes clear guidelines regarding how searches must be conducted, thereby reinforcing the rule of law.

In contrast, the other amendments listed address different rights and protections. The First Amendment covers freedoms related to speech, religion, and assembly. The Fifth Amendment deals with rights related to legal proceedings and protects against self-incrimination and double jeopardy. The Sixth Amendment ensures the right to a fair trial, including the right to legal counsel and a speedy trial. Each amendment serves its unique purpose, but the protection against unreasonable searches and seizures is particularly encapsulated by the Fourth Amendment.