What is the process of eliciting truth from a suspect without the use of threats or promises called?

The process of eliciting truth from a suspect without the use of threats or promises is known as interrogation, specifically in a context where techniques are applied to encourage the suspect to provide information voluntarily and truthfully. Effective interrogation relies on building rapport, understanding psychological techniques, and applying appropriate questioning strategies that can lead to dialogue rather than coercion.

This approach emphasizes the importance of ethical practices within law enforcement, focusing on obtaining information through legal and respectful means. Interrogation techniques can involve open-ended questions, active listening, and creating an environment where the suspect feels safe to provide their account, differentiating this method from more forceful or manipulative tactics that could undermine the integrity of the legal process.

In contrast, the other options present different contexts or methodologies that do not align with the ethical framework of interrogating a suspect. Interrogative reasoning refers more to reasoning through questions in a broader context rather than the specific interaction with suspects. Direct examination pertains to legal procedures in a courtroom setting rather than the active process of questioning a suspect. Observational inquiry is focused on gathering information through observation rather than direct questioning. Thus, interrogation is the term that best fits the description provided in the question.