What is a key strategy for effective cross-examination?

A key strategy for effective cross-examination is to ask leading questions. This method allows the examiner to control the narrative and guide the witness's responses in a way that makes it difficult for them to provide elaborate or evasive answers. Leading questions are structured to suggest the answer within the question itself, often requiring only a "yes" or "no" response. This minimizes the witness's ability to elaborate on their answers or steer the conversation away from the main points of interest, strengthening the examiner's argument or case.

Using leading questions also helps highlight inconsistencies in the witness's testimony, allowing for a more straightforward confrontation of their statements. In contrast, options like presenting emotional appeal or summarizing previous statements may not directly challenge the witness or could even distract from the focus of the examination. Introducing new evidence is typically not appropriate during cross-examination, as this phase is more about questioning the credibility and reliability of the witness rather than presenting new information. By honing in on leading questions, an examiner can enhance their effectiveness in cross-examination.