What does the Fourth Amendment protect individuals from?

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution is specifically designed to protect individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by government officials. This protection is fundamental to ensuring personal privacy and security, which are vital aspects of a free society. It establishes the requirement that law enforcement must have probable cause and, in most cases, a warrant to conduct searches or seize property. This means that individuals have the right to expect that their homes, belongings, and personal data will not be entered into or taken away from without demonstrable justification.

The other options relate to different constitutional protections but do not pertain to the Fourth Amendment. For example, unfair trial procedures are covered under the Sixth Amendment, involuntary servitude is addressed by the Thirteenth Amendment, and detainment without charge relates to due process protections found in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. Thus, the Fourth Amendment's focus on searches and seizures specifically is what makes it the correct answer in this context.