What do grand juries primarily investigate?

Grand juries primarily investigate all criminal offenses and misconduct. They serve as a critical mechanism in the American legal system, aimed at determining whether there is sufficient evidence to charge an individual with a crime. This process allows grand juries to examine evidence, hear testimonies, and deliberate in a private setting, which is particularly important to protect the rights of potential defendants and witnesses.

The grand jury's function is fundamentally focused on criminal matters; they do not deal with civil cases, traffic violations, or personal injury claims, as these types of cases fall under different judicial processes. By investigating criminal offenses, grand juries are able to uphold accountability within the legal system and help ensure that serious allegations receive appropriate scrutiny before formal charges are filed. This vital role underscores the importance of grand juries in preserving the integrity of the justice system while providing a check on prosecutorial power.