The accusatory instrument is a __________ __________.

The term "accusatory instrument" refers specifically to a formal document that initiates a criminal proceeding against an individual. In the context of New York law, a sworn statement is an essential component of this process, as it typically reflects the facts of the case as presented by law enforcement or the prosecution and is affirmed to be true through an oath.

A sworn statement is critical because it not only outlines the charges but also provides the necessary factual basis to support those charges in court. This level of accountability makes the sworn statement a more robust and integral part of the legal framework compared to the other options provided, which do not carry the same legal weight or specificity in regards to initiating a criminal case.